What type of malware is known for locking user files and demanding payment for access?

Ransomware is a type of malware specifically designed to block access to a user's files or systems until a ransom is paid. Once the malware infects a computer, it encrypts the user's files, rendering them inaccessible. The attacker typically presents a message that demands payment, often in cryptocurrency, in exchange for a decryption key that would allow the user to regain access to their data. This makes ransomware particularly harmful, as it not only disrupts individual users but can also cripple businesses and organizations by locking them out of critical data.

The nature of ransomware attacks is increasingly sophisticated, often incorporating methods to spread through networks, target specific file types, and even threaten users with data leaks if the ransom is not paid. This differs from other types of malware, such as spyware that collects user data without their knowledge, Trojans that disguise themselves to appear legitimate, and adware that serves unwanted advertisements without directly limiting access to files. Each has its own characteristics, but ransomware’s distinctive feature is the method of locking files and demanding payment, making it a significant security concern.